Method of preparing a large-current printed circuit board

ABSTRACT

A method of preparing a large-current printed circuit board comprises inserting a fastener with a bottom flange in a through-hole formed in a printed circuit board so that the bottom flange is engaged with a surface of the printed circuit board, putting a washer having substantially the same outer diameter so the flange around the fastener at the other surface of the board, forming a radial extension at the outer side of the washer by caulking the fastener, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printed circuit board by means of the radial extension and the bottom flange wherein the washer is interposed between the radial extension and the printed circuit board.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/924,142,filed Aug. 3, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,263,247.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a large-currentprinted circuit board. For instance, it relates to a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board device in which a busbar isprovided at a printed circuit board so as to form a large currentelectric circuit.

2. Discussion of Background

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional large-currentcircuit board, e.g. a printed circuit board device in which a busbar isused so as to form a large current electric circuit, described in, forinstance, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 159787/1990. InFIG. 7, reference numeral 1 designates a busbar which is made of aslender copper plate of 12 mm wide and 1.2 mm thick, for instance.Numeral 2 designates a fastener made of an electric conductive materialsuch as copper, brass or the like. Numeral 4 designates a lead terminalfastened to a circuit element by means of a screw, the lead terminalhaving a threaded hole 4a at a portion near its free end. Numeral 5designates a screw and numeral 6 designates a printed circuit board.

First, a process of preparing the large-current printed circuit boardhaving the construction described above, will be described. Athrough-hole is formed at a predetermined position in the printedcircuit board 6 so that the diameter of the through-hole is about 0.1mm-0.5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the fastener 2. Then, thefastener 2 is inserted to the through-hole so that a bottom flangeformed at its one end is engaged with a surface of the printed circuitboard 6. A caulking operation is conducted to the fastener 2 with use ofa tool for exclusive use so that a radial extension 2a is formed at anintermediate of the fastener 2, whereby the fastener is fixed to theprinted circuit board 6. Then, an insertion hole of the busbar 1 isaligned to the bore of the fastener 2, and the screw 5 is engaged withthe threaded hole 4a of the lead terminal 4, whereby the busbar is fixedto the circuit element 3 to thereby form a large-current printed circuitboard to which the printed circuit board 6 is attached.

The detailed description will be made as to the fastener 2. FIGS. 8a and8b are respectively cross-sectional views showing a conventionalfastener 2 wherein FIG. 8a shows such fastener having a portion 2abefore a caulking operation and FIG. 8b shows the fastener in a statethat the fastener is fastened to a printed circuit board 6. The fastener2 is made of a metallic material and comprises a cylindrical body havingan uniform outer diameter and a bottom flange 2b at an end of thecylindrical body, the outer diameter of the flange 2b being larger thanthe outer diameter of the cylindrical body. The wall thickness of thecylindrical body is formed so that it is stepwisely reduced from theside of the flange 2b. Namely, the wall thickness of the cylindricalbody near the flange is thinner, and the wall thickness remote from theflange 2b is thicker.

The fastener 2 is inserted into a through-hole formed in the printedcircuit board 6 so that the flange 2b is engaged with a surface of theboard 6. Then, both ends of the fastener 2 is compressed toward itscenter in the axial direction by using a tool for exclusive use, wherebya portion having a thinner wall thickness is expanded outwardly tothereby form a radial extension or a caulking portion 2a so that thefastener is fixed to the printed circuit board 6. Thus, in theconventional large-current printed circuit board, the fastener 2 isfixed to the printed circuit board 6 by means of the radial extension 2aand the flange 2b, and a busbar 1 and a circuit element 3 are connectedto the fastener 2 with use of a screw, whereby each of the parts isstrongly and mechanically connected to the printed circuit board 6.

FIG. 9 shows in cross-section another conventional large-current printedcircuit board. In FIG. 9, a through-hole and a land portion 6a areformed in a printed circuit board 6a in which a fastener 2 is inserted.An electric circuit is printed on the board so that the circuit issuitably connected to the land portion 6a. A busbar 1 and a circuitelement 3 are fixed to the fastener 2 by engaging a screw 5 with athreaded hole 4a which is formed at the upper part of the fastener 2.Further, a busbar 1 is interposed between the lower surface of theprinted circuit board 6 and the flange 2b of the fastener 2, which isformed at the lower portion of it.

In the conventional method of preparing a large-current printed circuitboard, there is a problem of a change of the material for the circuitboard by aging when the printed circuit board is continuously used for along time. The conventional printed circuit board 6 is mainly made of aglass epoxy resin. Accordingly, when a large current is continuouslysupplied for a long time, there causes heat deterioration in the entireor a local portion of the printed circuit board due to a temperaturerise at a current conducting portion to thereby cause problems ofreduction of thickness of the board due to the deterioration of theepoxy resin and reduction of the creeping characteristic. These resultin the weakening of the fitting strength of the fastener 2 to theprinted circuit board 6 and the delamination or the measling of theprinted circuit board at a portion near the fixing part. Further, theresistance of contact between the busbar 1 or the busbar 1a to thefastener 2 becomes high because the fitting strength becomes weak, withthe result of causing electric and thermal defects. Further, in casethat a printed circuit is formed on the printed circuit board 6, theresistance of contact between the land portion 6a and the fastener 2becomes high to thereby cause electric and thermal defects. Further,when the fastener 2 is inserted in the printed circuit board 6 and theboth ends of the fastener 2 is compressed toward the center in the axialdirection to thereby fix the fastener 2 to the printed circuit board 6by caulking, a portion having a thinner wall thickness of the fastener 2is expanded outwardly in such a manner that an excessive force islocally applied to corner portions of the through-hole and the landportion 6a so that parts of the through-hole and the land portion 6a maybe broken. In addition, since the radial extension 2a has a curvedshape, the surface of contact of the radial extension 2a is not alwaysflat and the fitting force to the flange 2b is uneven, whereby theprinted circuit board 6 may be curved after the caulking operation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method ofpreparing a large-current printed circuit board which minimizes theweakening of the fitting strength of the fastener to the printed circuitboard, delamination or measling in the printed circuit board near thefitting portion and a change of the resistance of contact even when thethermal deterioration of the material for the printed circuit boardprogresses due to a continuous use for a long time.

Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method ofpreparing a large-current printed circuit board capable of preventingthe bending of the printed circuit board when a fastener is fixed to theprinted circuit board by caulking.

According to a first invention, there is provided a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board which comprises:

inserting a fastener with a bottom flange in a through-hole formed in aprinted circuit board so that the bottom flange is engaged with asurface of the printed circuit board,

putting a washer having substantially the same outer diameter as theflange around the fastener at the other surface of the board,

forming a radial extension at the outer side of the washer by caulkingthe fastener, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printed circuit boardby means of the radial extension and the bottom flange wherein thewasher is interposed between the radial extension and the printedcircuit board.

According to a second invention, there is provided a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board which comprises:

inserting a fastener with a bottom flange in through-holes formed in aprinted circuit board and a busbar so that the bottom flange is engagedwith a surface of the printed circuit board,

putting a washer having substantially the same outer diameter as theflange around the fastener at the other surface of the board,

forming a radial extension at the outer side of the washer by caulkingthe fastener, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printed circuit boardand the busbar by means of the radial extension and the bottom flangewherein the washer is interposed between the radial extension and theprinted circuit board.

In the first and second inventions, the washer may be a spring washer.

According to a third invention, there is provided a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board which comprises:

putting a cream solder by a printing technique at at least a part of aland portion of a printed circuit board,

inserting a fastener with a bottom flange in a through-hole formed inthe printed circuit board so that the bottom flange is engaged with asurface of the board,

forming a radial extension at the other surface of the printed board bycaulking the fastener,

melting the cream solders, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printedcircuit board.

According to a fourth invention, there is provided a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board which comprises:

putting a cream solder by a printing technique at a portion of a surfaceof a busbar, the portion being to be brought into contact with a bottomflange formed at a fastener,

putting another cream solder by a printing technique at a portion facinga land portion of a printed circuit board,

inserting the fastener in through-holes formed in the printed circuitand the busbar so that the bottom flange of the fastener is engaged witha surface of the printed circuit,

forming a radial extension at the other surface of the printed circuitboard by caulking the fastener, and

melting the cream solders, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printedcircuit board and the busbar.

According to a fifth invention, there is provided a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board which comprises:

putting a cream solder by a printing technique at a portion of a surfaceof a busbar, the portion being to be brought into contact with a radialextension formed at a fastener,

putting another cream solder by a printing technique at a portion facinga land portion of a printed circuit board,

inserting the fastener in through-holes formed in the printed circuitboard and the busbar so that the bottom flange is engaged with a surfaceof the printed circuit board,

forming the radial extension at the outer side of the busbar by caulkingthe fastener, and

melting the cream solders, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printedcircuit board and the busbar.

According to a sixth invention, there is provided a method of preparinga large-current printed circuit board which comprises:

forming a solder layer by plating at an outer surface of a fastener witha bottom flange,

inserting the fastener in a through-hole formed in a printed circuitboard so that the bottom flange of the fastener is engaged with asurface of the printed circuit board,

forming a radial extension at the outer side of the printed circuitboard by caulking the fastener,

soldering the fastener and a land portion of the printed circuit board,whereby the fastener is fixed to the printed circuit board.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendantadvantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view partly broken of an embodiment of themethod of preparing a large-current printed circuit board according tothe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view partly broken of a second embodiment ofthe method of preparing a large-current printed circuit board accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view partly broken of a third embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view partly broken of a fourth embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view partly broken of a fifth embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view partly broken of a sixth embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view partly broken showing a conventionallarge-current printed circuit board with a busbar;

FIGS. 8a and 8b are respectively cross-sectional views of a fastenerused for a conventional printed circuit board device; and

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view partly broken showing anotherconventional printed circuit board device in which a busbar is used.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawings wherein the same reference numerals designatethe same or corresponding parts, and more particularly to FIG. 1thereof, there is shown a large-current printed circuit board obtainedby first example of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 7a designates a washer which is made of thesame material such as stainless steel or iron as the flange 2b. Also, ithas the same outer configuration as the flange 2b.

In this example, the fastener 2 is inserted in through holes formed inthe busbar 1 and the printed circuit board 6 so that the flange 2b ofthe fastener 2 is engaged with a surface of the busbar 1. Then, thewasher 7a having substantially the same outer diameter as the flange 2bis put on the fastener 2 at the opposite side of the flange 20 withrespect to the printed circuit board 6 and the busbar 1. The fastener 2is caulked from the outer side of the washer 7a with use of a tool forexclusive use so that a radial extension or a caulking portion 2a isformed in the fastener 2 at the outer side of the washer 7a, whereby thefastener 2 is fixed to the busbar 1 and the printed circuit board 6 bymeans of the radial extension 2a and the flange 2b between which thewasher 7a is interposed.

According to the above-mentioned method, since the outer configurationof the flange 2b is the same as that of the washer 7a, the surface areaof contact of the both elements is parallel to each other, and a uniformpressure is applied to the printed circuit board 6 when a caulkingoperation for fixing the fastener is conducted. Accordingly, there isavoidable a possibility of destroying a part of the through-hole and/orthe land portion 6a by the outward expansion of the thinner wall portionof the fastener 2, i.e. a force is applied to a corner portion of thethrough hole and/or the land portion 6a, when the fastener 2 is fixed tothe printed circuit board. Further, since the shape of the radialextension 2a is in a curved shape, there is no difference of fittingstrength between the flange 2b and the washer 7a because the contactingsurfaces are flat, with the result that there is no danger of causing acurve in the printed circuit board 6 after the caulking.

EXAMPLE 2

The second example of the present invention will be described withreference to FIG. 2. In the second example, a spring washer 7b havingthe same outer configuration and thickness as the washer 7a is put thefastener at the side of the flange 2b. Then, the radial extension 2a isformed in the fastener 2 at the outer side of the washer 7a so that thefastener 2 is fixed to the printed circuit board 6 together with thebusbar 1. The spring washer 7b is made of a material such as iron orstainless steel and is formed in a form of spring. Accordingly, evenwhen there occur problems of thermal deterioration whereby the thicknessof the printed circuit board is reduced due to the reduction of theweight of epoxy resin and the reduction of the creeping characteristic,the satisfactory spring function of the spring washer 7b is obtainableand a sufficient. strength of connection between the fastener and theprinted circuit board 6 can be maintained.

EXAMPLE 3

The third example of the present invention will be described withreference to FIG. 3. In this example, a cream solder 7c is put byprinting at at least a part of the land portion 6a of the printedcircuit board 6 when an electric circuit is formed on it. For instance,the cream solder 7c is put by printing on the circuit board so as to bein agreement with the diameter of the land portion 6a, and then, theradial extension or caulking portion 2a is formed in the fastener 2 atthe outer side of the cream solder 7c.

In the ordinary method of preparing the printed circuit board, aso-called reflow soldering is carried out in a soldering step when anelectronic device is mounted. For instance, the fastener 2 and the landportion 6a are formed integrally by heating the cream solder 7c at atemperature of more than 200° C. in the reflow soldering step. In thisexample, a problem of the reduction of the thickness of the printedcircuit board 6 due to thermal deterioration or another defect can beprevented because the fastener 2 and the land portion 6a are integrallyformed by the soldering operation.

In the above-mentioned Examples 2 and 3, description has been made as tothe busbar 1 fixed between the radial extension or caulking portion 2aof the fastener 2 and the flange 2b. However, the busbar 1 may bepositioned outside the radial extension 2a when the present invention isapplied to the conventional method shown in FIG. 7.

EXAMPLE 4

The fourth example of the present invention will be described withreference to FIG. 4. In this example, a cream solder 7d is put byprinting on a surface of the busbar at a portion around a through-hole,with which the flange 2b of the fastener 2 is brought to contact.Further, another cream solder 7d is placed by printing on the othersurface of the busbar so as to face the land portion 6a. The printing ofthe cream solder 7d is conducted when the busbar is formed. The fastener2 is inserted in the through-hole of the busbar 1 and a through-holeformed in the printed circuit board 6 so that the flange 2b is engagedwith one surface side of the busbar 1. Then, a caulking operation isconducted to the fastener 2 so that a radial extension 2a is formed atthe fastener 2 at the opposite surface side of the printed circuit board6. Thereafter, the cream solders 7d are molten in the reflow solderingoperation in the same manner as the above-mentioned example, whereby thefastener 2 and the land portion 6a are made in one piece. Thus, sincethe fastener 2 is formed integrally with the busbar 1 and the landportion 6a, the reduction of the thickness of the printed circuit boarddue to thermal deterioration and the other defects can be prevented.

EXAMPLE 5

The fifth example of the present invention will be described withreference to FIG. 5. In this example, a cream solder 7c is disposed byprinting on the busbar 1 at a position around the through-hole to whichthe fastener 2 is inserted and is in contact with the radial extension2a. The printing of the cream solder 7d should be conducted when thebusbar 1 is formed. Another cream solder 7d is disposed by printing onthe other surface of the busbar 1 so as to face the land portion 6a andin agreement with the diameter of the land portion. The fastener 2 isinserted in a through-hole formed in the printed circuit board 6 and thethrough-hole of the busbar 1 so that the flange 2b is engaged with asurface of the printed circuit board 6, followed by conducting acaulking operation to the fastener 2. After the radial extension 2a hasbeen formed at the outer side of the busbar 1, the cream solder 7e ismolten to thereby make the fastener 2 and the land portion 6 in onepiece. In the same manner as the Example 3, the cream solder 7e ismolten at the time of conducting the reflow soldering to thereby makethe fastener 2, the busbar 1 and the land portion 6a in one piece,whereby the assembling operation can be effective and the reduction ofthe thickness of the printed circuit board due to thermal deteriorationand other defects can be prevented.

In Examples 4 and 5, the cream solder 7e is disposed by printing so asto be in agreement with the diameter of the land portion 6a. However, itis not always necessary to meet the diameter of the land portion, but itis sufficient to dispose the cream solder 7e at at least a part of thebusbar 1 which faces the land portion 6a.

EXAMPLE 6

The sixth example of the present invention will be described withreference to FIG. 6. In this Example 6, a solder layer 7f is formed byplating on the fastener 2 when the fastener 2 is prepared. The fastener2 is inserted in a through-hole of the printed circuit board 6 so thatthe flange 2b of the fastener is engaged with a surface of the printedcircuit board 6. A caulking operation is conducted to the fastener 2 sothat a radial extension 2a is formed at the fastener 2 at the oppositesurface side of the printed circuit board 6. After the fastener 2 hasbeen caulked, the fastener 2 and the land portion 6a are soldered toconnect them in one piece at the flow soldering step. In this Example,since the fastener 2 and the land portion 6a is connected in one piece,the reduction of the thickness of the printed circuit board due tothermal deterioration and the defects can be prevented.

In accordance with the method according to the first embodimentcomprising a step of inserting a fastener with a bottom flange in athrough-hole formed in a printed circuit board so that the bottom flangeis engaged with a surface of the printed circuit board, a step ofputting a washer having substantially the same outer diameter as theflange around the fastener at the other surface of the circuit board, astep of forming a radial extension at the outer side of the washer bycaulking the fastener, whereby the fastener is fixed to the printedcircuit board by means of the radial extension and the flange, there isobtainable a method of preparing a large-current printed circuit boardwhich prevents the occurrence of a curve in the printed circuit boardwhich is caused when the fastener is caulked to fix it to the printedboard; which provides a flat surface of contact when the fastener isfixed to the printed circuit board, and which provides a uniform fittingstrength of the fastener to the printed circuit board.

According to another method in accordance with the first embodimentcomprising a step of inserting a fastener with a bottom flange inthrough-holes formed in a printed circuit board and a busbar so that thebottom flange is engaged with a surface of the circuit board, a step ofputting a washer having substantially the same outer diameter as theflange around the fastener at the other surface of the circuit board, astep of forming a radial extension at the outer side of the washer bycaulking the fastener whereby the fastener is fixed to the printedcircuit board and the busbar by means of the radial extension and theflange, a method of preparing a large-current printed circuit boardhaving the same effect as in the first invention can be obtained.

Further, according to the method of the second embodiment, a fastener isinserted into a through-hole formed in a printed circuit board so thatthe flange is engaged with a surface of the printed circuit boardthrough a spring washer in addition to the steps as described in thefirst embodiment or second invention. Accordingly, there is obtainable amethod of preparing a large-current printed circuit board whichsuppresses the weakening of the fitting strength between the fastenerand the printed circuit board by the aid of a spring function even whenthermal deterioration is caused in the printed circuit board. Further,the advantages as described with reference to the first embodiment arealso obtainable.

Further, according to the method of the third embodiment comprisingputting a cream solder by a printing technique at at least a part of aland portion of a printed circuit board, inserting a fastener with abottom flange in a through-hole formed in the printed circuit board sothat the bottom flange is engaged with a surface of the circuit board,forming a radial extension at the other side of the printed circuitboard by caulking the fastener, and melting the cream solder whereby thefastener is fixed to the printed circuit board, there is obtainable amethod of preparing a large-current printed circuit board capable offorming the printed circuit board and the fastener in one piece and ofeliminating defects due to the thermal deterioration.

According to the method of the fourth embodiment comprising putting acream solder by a printing technique at a portion of a side of thebusbar, the portion being brought into contact with a bottom flangeformed at the fastener, putting another cream solder by a printingtechnique at a portion facing a land portion of a printed circuit board,inserting the fastener in through-holes formed in the printed circuitboard and the busbar so that the bottom flange of the fastener isengaged with a surface of the printed circuit board, forming a radialextension at the other side of the printed circuit board by caulking thefastener and melting the cream solders whereby the fastener is fixed tothe printed circuit board and the busbar, there is obtainable a methodof preparing a large-current printed circuit board capable of formingthe printed circuit board and the fastener in one piece and capable ofeliminating defects caused by the thermal deterioration.

According to the method of the fifth embodiment comprising putting acream solder by a printing technique at a portion of a surface of abusbar, the portion being brought into contact with a radial extensionformed at a fastener, putting another the cream solder by printing at aportion facing a land portion of a printed circuit board, inserting thefastener in through-holes formed in the printed circuit board and thebusbar so that the bottom flange of the fastener is engaged with asurface of the printed circuit board, forming the radial extension atthe outer surface of the busbar by caulking the fastener, and meltingthe cream solders whereby the fastener is fixed to the printed circuitboard and the busbar, there is obtainable a method of preparing alarge-current printed circuit board capable of forming the printedcircuit board and the fastener in one piece and of eliminating defectscaused by the thermal deterioration.

According to the method of the sixth embodiment comprising forming asolder layer by plating at an outer surface of a fastener with a bottomflange, inserting the fastener in a through-hole formed in a printedcircuit board so that the bottom flange of the fastener is engaged witha surface of the printed circuit board, forming a radial extension atthe outer side of the printed circuit board by caulking the fastener,and soldering the fastener and a land portion of the printed circuitboard whereby the fastener is fixed to the circuit board, there isobtainable a method of preparing a large-current printed circuit boardcapable of forming the printed circuit board and the fastener in onepiece and of eliminating defects caused by the thermal deterioration.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the presentinvention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is thereforeto be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, theinvention may be practiced otherwise than as-specifically describedherein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of preparing a large-current printedcircuit board and in a through-hole formed in a busbar which comprisesthe steps of:printing a cream solder on a land portion of the printedcircuit board, inserting a fastener with a bottom flange in athrough-hole formed in the printed circuit board so that the bottomflange is on one side of the board and an end of the fastener is on theother side of the board and the busbar, the busbar being intermediatethe printed circuit board and the bottom flange, wherein the landportion with the cream solder surrounds the through-hole and is on theother side of the board so that the cream solder is intermediate theboard and the end of the fastener, forming a curved radial extension onthe end of the fastener by caulking, and melting the cream solder sothat the fastener, the board, and the busbar are integrally bonded.
 2. Amethod of preparing a large-current printed circuit board whichcomprises the steps of:providing a printed circuit board having a landportion, providing a fastener with a flange, providing a busbar, theprinted circuit board and the busbar each having a through-hole,printing a cream solder on one side of the busbar, adjacent thethrough-hole, printing a second cream solder on the other side of thebusbar adjacent the through-hole, positioning the busbar adjacent theprinted circuit board so that the through-hole in the printed circuitboard and the through-hole in the busbar are aligned, inserting thefastener in the through-holes formed in the printed circuit board andthe busbar so that the flange is on one side of the busbar and printedcircuit board and an end of the fastener extends to the other side ofthe busbar and printed circuit board, forming a curved radial extensionat the end of the fastener by caulking the fastener, wherein the busbaris intermediate the curved radial extension and the printed circuitboard, and melting the cream solders to fix the fastener, the printedcircuit board, and the busbar.
 3. A method of preparing a large-currentprinted circuit board which comprises the steps of:providing a busbarhaving a through-hole, printing a cream solder on one side of thebusbar, printing a second cream solder on the other side of the busbar,positioning the busbar adjacent the printed circuit board, wherein theprinted circuit board has a through-hole, and wherein the through-holein the busbar and the through-hole in the printed circuit board arealigned, inserting a fastener in the through-holes, the fastener havinga flange, wherein the busbar is intermediate the flange and the printedcircuit board, the fastener having an end which extends through theprinted circuit board, forming a curved radial extension at the end ofthe fastener by caulking the fastener, and melting the cream solders tofix the fastener, the printed circuit board, and the busbar.